Search Results for: Replacement Reduction And Refinement

Animal experimentation has been one of the most controversial areas of animal use, mainly due to the intentional harms inflicted upon animals for the sake of ho

This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and

Animals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, a

The concept of the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement) has been used as a framework for improving the welfare of laboratory animals for the last half ce