Download or read book Between Europeanisation and Renationalisation of the Free Movement of Persons written by Claudia Hartmann-Hirsch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-15 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Luxembourg has an atypical, efficient migration. The recent Portuguese underclass themselves in the same way as their predecessors of the Salazar regime, despite higher educational attainment, while the citizens of the new member states move to the top of the pyramid. The strong north-south divide between Luxembourg and Portugal is illustrated by a number of indicators. Freedom of movement is reduced and renationalised by ECJ rulings on the initiative of northern member states against southern European crisis 'refugees'. The categories of EU citizens versus third-country nationals develop into economically strong EU and non-EU migrants versus weak EU and non-EU migrants.